ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as an interdisciplinary intervention with therapeutic impact in patients with heart disease is growing. There is the need to know actual conditions of CR in our country. Objectives: The objective of this National Registry is to follow-up those existing and new CR units in Mexico through the comparison between the two previous registries, RENAPREC-2009 and RENAPREC II-2015 studies. This is a descriptive study focused on diverse CR activities such as assistance training, and certification of health professionals, barriers, reference, population attended, interdisciplinarity, permanence over time, growth prospects, regulations, post-pandemic condition, integrative characteristics, and scientific research. Results: Data were collected from 45 CR centers in the 32 states, 75.5% are private practice units, 67% are new, 33% were part of RENAPREC II-2015, and 17 have continued since 2009. With a better distribution of CR units along the territory, the median reference of candidates for CR programs is 9% with a significant reduction into tiempo of enrollment to Phase II admission (19 ± 11 days). Regarding to previous registries, the coverance of Phases I, II, and III is 71%, 100%, and 93%, respectively; and a coverance increases in evaluation, risk stratification, and prescription, more comprehensive attendance and prevention strategies. Conclusions: CR in Mexico has grown in the past 7 years. Even there is still low reference and heterogeneity in specific processes, there are strengths such as interdisciplinarity, scientific professionalization of specialists, national diversification, and an official society that are consolidated over time.
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ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y el efecto del entrenamiento por intervalos de moderada y alta intensidad (EIMI, EIAI) y compararlo con el entrenamiento de intensidad moderada continua (EIMC) en pacientes de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) muy alto. Método: Estudio cuasi experimental de 81 pacientes que ingresaron al programas de rehabilitación cardíaca y prevención secundaria (PRHCPS); en la estratificación de riesgo, todos los pacientes presentaron ≥ 2 factores de RCV alto. Entrenamiento concurrente: aeróbico supervisado: 2 semanas de entrenamiento de base de EIMC; luego el grupo EIMC con la misma prescripción, EIMI a 3 intervalos de 3' al 70 a 80% de FCR con pausas activas de 3' al 60 a 70% de FCR; EIAI, 3 intervalos de 3' a 80 a 90% de FCR con pausas activas de 3' al 70 a 80% de FCR, entrenamiento de fuerza con tres sesiones semanales de ejercicios isotónicos y una de calistenia e intervención multidisciplinaria. Resultados: 81 pacientes asignados en tres grupos: 61 a EIMC, 13 a EIMI y 7 a EIAI, sin diferencias significativas en las variables epidemiológicas. Hubo ganancias porcentuales en MET-carga de 45%, 60% y 86% (p = 0.17) y carga-vatios de 51, 44 y 48 en EIMC, EIMI, EIAI, respectivamente (p = 0.54). A pesar de no existir diferencias estocásticamente significativas intergrupales, sí se registró una ganancia mayor en MET-carga en el grupo de EIAI. No se observó desenlace adverso en ningún tipo de entrenamiento. Conclusiones: En cardiópatas de riesgo cardiovascular muy alto, el entrenamiento interválico EIMI/EIAI supervisado es seguro, con tendencia a mayor ganancia en tolerancia al esfuerzo (MET-carga) con el EIAI en comparación con el EIMC.
Abstract Objective: Evaluate safety and effects of training at moderate and high intensity intervals (MIIT, HIIT) compared to continuous moderate intensity training (MICT) in heart disease patient with very high cardiovascular risk (CVR). Method: Quasi-experimental study of 81 patients in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program, after risk stratification, all patients presented at least 2 factors with high CVR. All patients were provided supervised concurrent training: aerobic: initially 2 weeks MICT. subsequently MICT group with same prescription, MIIT 3 intervals of 3 to 70-80% FCR with active pause exercise of 3' to 60 a 70% FCR, HIIT 3 intervals of 3'a 80-90% FCR with active pause exercise of 3 70 a 80% FCR, resistance training 3 weekly sessions isotonic exercises and 1 calisthenics and multidisciplinary intervention. Results: 81 patients assigned to: 61 MICT group, 13 MIIT and 7 HIIT, no significant differences were observed. Percentage gains were obtained in METs-load 45%, 60% and 86% (p = 0.17) and watts 51, 44 and 48 in MICT, MIIT, HIIT respectively (p = 0.54). Although there are no statistical significant intergroup differences if there is a greater improvement in MET-load in the HIIT group. There was no adverse outcome in any training. Conclusions: In very high cardiovascular risk heart disease patient, supervised interval training (MIIT/HIIT) is safe, with a tendency to greater improvement in exercise tolerance (METs-load) with HIIT compared to MICT.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Exercise Tolerance , Resistance Training/methods , Heart Diseases , Physical Fitness/physiology , Risk Factors , Heart Disease Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por disminución en la capacidad funcional. Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca y prevención secundaria (PRHCyPS) han mostrado mejorar la calidad de vida y tolerancia al esfuerzo en este grupo de pacientes, pero sus efectos son dependientes del volumen. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el grado de correlación del volumen de entrenamiento medido en equivalentes metabólicos (MET)-min/semana con el porcentaje de ganancia de consumo pico de oxígeno (VO2p) (MET-carga) posterior a un PRHCyPS en pacientes con IC. Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental que evaluó la ganancia de VO2p (MET-carga) en 31 pacientes posterior a un PRHCyPS, antes y después de una prueba de ejercicio convencional, que consistió en 30 min de entrenamiento dinámico al 70% frecuencia cardíaca de reserva (FCR) durante seis semanas, así como entrenamiento de kinesioterapia e intervención interdisciplinaria. Se calculó el volumen de entrenamiento de cada paciente en MET-min/semana (método de Kaminsky). Se midió el índice de correlación con Rho de Spearman y se consideró significancia estocástica con valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: El 70.6% fueron de sexo masculino, promedio de edad 61.5 ± 8.9 años, con fracción de expulsión del ventrículo izquierdo promedio de 38 ± 4.6%; el 96.8% de la IC fue de origen isquémico; un 55.9, un 29.4 y un 5.9% en clase funcional según la New York Heart Association I, II y III, respectivamente. Con un volumen de entrenamiento promedio de 504.34 ± 164 MET-min/semana. La mayor correlación se obtuvo en las poblaciones de alto riesgo, con una Rho: 0.486 (p = 0.008) por VO2p-carga. Conclusiones: Si bien existe una ganancia sustancial en tolerancia al esfuerzo medido por VO2p-carga, no obtuvimos suficiente grado de correlación entre el volumen de entrenamiento aplicado y la ganancia obtenida.
Abstract Objective: Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by a decrease in functional capacity. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention (CR&SP) programs have been shown to improve quality of life and excercise tolerance in this group of patients, but their effects depends on training volume. Our objective is to evaluate the level of correlation of the training volume measured in metabolic equivalents (MET)-min/week with the percentage of peak oxygen consumption (VO2p) gain (estimated MET) after a CR&SP in patients with chronic heart failure. Method: Quasi-experimental study that evaluated the gain of VO2p (estimated MET) in 31 patients after a CR&SP, prior and post-exercise test, which consisted of 30 min of dynamic training at 70% heart rate reserve (HRR) for 6 weeks, with strenght training and interdisciplinary intervention. The training volume of each patient was calculated in MET-min/week (Kaminsky's method). Spearman's Rho correlation index was measured and stochastic significance was considered whith a value of p < 0.05. Results: 70.6% were male, average age 61.5 years ± 8.9, with left ventricular ejection fraction average of 38 ± 4.6%; 96.8% of the heart failure had an ischemic origin; 55.9, 29.4 and 5.9% in New York Heart Association funstional class I, II and III, respectively. With an average training volume of 504.34 ± 164 MET-min/week. The best correlation was obtained in high-risk population with Rhol: 0.486 (p = 0.008) meassured by estimated VO2p. Conclusions: Although there is a substantial gain in excersise tolerance measured by estimated VO2p, we did not obtain a sufficient level of correlation between the volume of training applied and the gain obtained.